translated article in markdown format

We need to translate the title: "Crypto Tax Reporting Guide for Traders & Affiliates" -> "Guía de Reporte de Impuestos de Criptomonedas para Traders y Afiliados". Keep & maybe as "y". Probably "Guía de Reporte de Impuestos de Criptomonedas para Traders y Afiliados". Summary: original summary: "Learn how cryptocurrency traders and affiliates can comply with tax reporting rules, avoid penalties, and implement best practices for accurate record‑keeping." Spanish: "Aprende cómo los traders y afiliados de criptomonedas pueden cumplir con las normas de reporte fiscal, evitar sanciones y aplicar las mejores prácticas para un registro preciso." Need under 160 characters. Let's count: "Aprende cómo los traders y afiliados de criptomonedas pueden cumplir con las normas de reporte fiscal, evitar sanciones y aplicar las mejores prácticas para un registro preciso." Count characters: Let's approximate: "Aprende" (7) + space=1 =>8, "cómo" (4)=12, space=13, "los"(3)=16, space=17, "traders"(7)=24, space=25, "y"(1)=26, space=27, "afiliados"(9)=36, space=37, "de"(2)=39, space=40, "criptomonedas"(13)=53, space=54, "pueden"(5)=59, space=60, "cumplir"(7)=67, space=68, "con"(3)=71, space=72, "las"(3)=75, space=76, "normas"(6)=82, space=83, "de"(2)=85, space=86, "reporte"(7)=93, space=94, "fiscal,"(7)=101, space=102, "evitar"(6)=108, space=109, "sanciones"(9)=118, space=119, "y"(1)=120, space=121, "aplicar"(7)=128, space=129, "las"(3)=132, space=133, "mejores"(7)=140, space=141, "prácticas"(9)=150, space=151, "para"(4)=155, space=156, "un"(2)=158, space=159, "registro"(7)=166, space=167, "preciso."(8)=175. So 175 >160. Need shorter.

Try: "Aprende cómo traders y afiliados de cripto cumplen con el reporte fiscal, evitan sanciones y aplican mejores prácticas." Count: Let's count: "Aprende"(7) space1=8 "cómo"(4)=12 space=13 "traders"(7)=20 space=21 "y"(1)=22 space=23 "afiliados"(9)=32 space=33 "de"(2)=35 space=36 "cripto"(6)=42 space=43 "cumplen"(7)=50 space=51 "con"(3)=54 space=55 "el"(2)=57 space=58 "reporte"(7)=65 space=66 "fiscal,"(7)=73 space=74 "evitan"(6)=80 space=81 "sanciones"(9)=90 space=91 "y"(1)=92 space=93 "aplican"(7)=100 space=101 "mejores"(7)=108 space=109 "prácticas."(9)=118. That's 118 chars, good.

Now content: need to translate entire article markdown. We'll translate headings, paragraphs, lists, code block (the code block should stay as is but translate comments inside? The code block is just formula; we can keep as is. Should we translate the text inside? Probably keep the code block unchanged but it's okay to translate surrounding text.

We'll produce Spanish translation. Ensure markdown formatting preserved: headings with #, etc.

We need to translate all text.

Let's do translation.

Original content after summary:

Crypto Tax Reporting Guide for Traders & Affiliates

Cryptocurrency taxation can feel like a moving target, especially for active traders and affiliate marketers who earn rewards, referral bonuses, or staking yields. Missteps can lead to audits, penalties, or unnecessary tax bills. This guide breaks down the core requirements and offers practical, actionable steps to keep your crypto tax reporting accurate and stress‑free.

We'll translate.

We need to keep HTML tags? The original article includes HTML tags (

,

,

,
• ,

  ,

  ,

  , 
  ). We should translate the content inside tags but keep tags. Probably they expect markdown format; but original given is HTML. However instruction says "translated article in markdown format". So we need to convert to markdown? Or keep HTML but translate? They said markdown format. Likely we should output markdown with same structure using markdown headings (#, ##, etc.) and list syntax. Safer: convert HTML to markdown.
  
  Thus we will produce markdown:
  Guía de Reporte de Impuestos de Criptomonedas para Traders y Afiliados
  Then paragraphs.
  Let's translate each section.
  We'll need to translate headings: 
  Understanding Your Tax Obligations
   -> ## Entendiendo tus obligaciones fiscales
  
  Setting Up a Robust Tracking System
  -> ## Configurando un sistema de seguimiento robusto
  1. Choose a Dedicated Ledger
  -> ### 1. Elige un libro mayor dedicado
  2. Capture Every Event
  -> ### 2. Captura cada evento
  3. Preserve Supporting Documents
  -> ### 3. Conserva los documentos de soporte
  Calculating Gains, Losses, and Income
  -> ## Calculando ganancias, pérdidas e ingresos
  Capital Gains/Losses
  -> ### Ganancias y pérdidas de capital
  Ordinary Income
  -> ### Ingreso ordinario
  Reporting for Traders
  -> ## Reporte para traders
  Reporting for Affiliates
  -> ## Reporte para afiliados
  Best Practices for Accurate Reporting
  -> ## Mejores prácticas para un reporte preciso
  Common Pitfalls to Avoid
  -> ## Errores comunes que debes evitar
  Tools & Resources
  -> ## Herramientas y recursos
  Now translate paragraphs and list items.
  We'll need to translate all text inside 
  , 
  , etc.
  
  Let's go step by step.
  First paragraph after h1:
  "Cryptocurrency taxation can feel like a moving target, especially for active traders and affiliate marketers who earn rewards, referral bonuses, or staking yields. Missteps can lead to audits, penalties, or unnecessary tax bills. This guide breaks down the core requirements and offers practical, actionable steps to keep your crypto tax reporting accurate and stress‑free."
  Translate: "La tributación de las criptomonedas puede parecer un objetivo móvil, especialmente para traders activos y afiliados que ganan recompensas, bonos de referencia o rendimientos de staking. Los errores pueden llevar a auditorías, sanciones o facturas de impuestos innecesarias. Esta guía desglosa los requisitos esenciales y ofrece pasos prácticos y accionables para mantener tu reporte de impuestos de criptomonedas preciso y libre de estrés."
  Now list under Understanding Your Tax Obligations:
  
  Capital gains vs. ordinary income: Profits from buying low and selling high are usually capital gains. Income received as payment for services, mining rewards, staking yields, or affiliate referral bonuses is generally ordinary income.
  Holding period matters: Short‑term gains (assets held ≤ 1 year) are taxed at ordinary income rates; long‑term gains benefit from lower rates in many countries.
  Reporting thresholds: Even if you didn’t receive a Form 1099‑K or similar, you must still report all taxable crypto activity on your annual return.
  
  
  Translate each.
  First: "Capital gains vs. ordinary income: Profits from buying low and selling high are usually capital gains. Income received as payment for services, mining rewards, staking yields, or affiliate referral bonuses is generally ordinary income."
  Translate: "Ganancias de capital vs. ingreso ordinario: Las ganancias de comprar bajo y vender alto suelen ser ganancias de capital. Los ingresos recibidos como pago por servicios, recompensas de minería, rendimientos de staking o bonos de referencia de afiliados generalmente se consideran ingreso ordinario."
  Second: "Holding period matters: Short‑term gains (assets held ≤ 1 year) are taxed at ordinary income rates; long‑term gains benefit from lower rates in many countries."
  Translate: "El período de tenencia importa: Las ganancias a corto plazo (activos mantenidos ≤ 1 año) se gravan a tasas de ingreso ordinario; las ganancias a largo plazo se benefician de tasas más bajas en muchos países."
  Third: "Reporting thresholds: Even if you didn’t receive a Form 1099‑K or similar, you must still report all taxable crypto activity on your annual return."
  Translate: "Umbrales de reporte: Incluso si no recibiste un Formulario 1099‑K o similar, aún debes reportar toda actividad gravable de criptomonedas en tu declaración anual."
  Now section Setting Up a Robust Tracking System.
  Paragraph: "Accurate records are the foundation of correct tax filing. Without them, you’ll struggle to prove cost basis or income amounts."
  Translate: "Los registros precisos son la base para una correcta presentación de impuestos. Sin ellos, será difícil demostrar el costo de adquisición o los ingresos."
  Then subsections.
  1. Choose a Dedicated Ledger
  
  Paragraph: "Use a crypto‑specific tax software (e.g., CoinTracker, Koinly, TokenTax) or a spreadsheet that logs:"
  Translate: "Utiliza un software de impuestos específico para criptomonedas (por ejemplo, CoinTracker, Koinly, TokenTax) o una hoja de cálculo que registre:"
  Then list items inside 
  :
  
  Date and time of each transaction
  Type (buy, sell, trade, send, receive, earn)
  Asset symbol and amount
  Fair market value in your local currency at the moment of the transaction
  Counterparty or wallet address (helpful for audit trails)
  
  Translate each:
  
  Date and time of each transaction -> Fecha y hora de cada transacción
  Type (buy, sell, trade, send, receive, earn) -> Tipo (compra, venta, intercambio, envío, recepción, ganancia)
  Asset symbol and amount -> Símbolo del activo y cantidad
  Fair market value in your local currency at the moment of the transaction -> Valor de mercado justo en tu moneda local al momento de la transacción
  Counterparty or wallet address (helpful for audit trails) -> Contraparte o dirección de la billetera (útil para trazabilidad de auditoría)
  
  Now 
  2. Capture Every Event
  
  Paragraph: none? Actually after heading there is a 
   directly.
  
  List items:
  Trades: Record both sides of the swap (e.g., BTC → ETH) as two separate events: a disposal of BTC and an acquisition of ETH.
  Transfers between your own wallets: Not taxable, but still log them to maintain a clear chain of custody.
  Affiliate earnings: Log the date you received the reward, the token amount, and its USD/EUR value at receipt. Treat this as ordinary income.
  Staking, lending, and liquidity mining: Log rewards as they are earned; later disposals of those rewards are capital events.
  
  Translate each:
  
  Trades: "Registra ambos lados del intercambio (p. ej., BTC → ETH) como dos eventos separados: una disposición de BTC y una adquisición de ETH."
  Transfers between your own wallets: "Transferencias entre tus propias billeteras: no son gravables, pero aún así regístralas para mantener una cadena de custodia clara."
  Affiliate earnings: "Registra la fecha en que recibiste la recompensa, la cantidad de tokens y su valor en USD/EUR al momento de recepción. Trátalo como ingreso ordinario."
  Staking, lending, and liquidity